https://techmonitor.ai/policy/big-tech/can-fines-break-big-tech-monopolies

When Apple incurred five consecutive fines from the Dutch competition regulator earlier this year, it surfaced a debate over whether financial penalties have any impact on Big Tech’s dominance of the digital economy.

Experts and regulators are equally divided. Some argue that despite their low value compared with the tech giants’ profits, fines apply pressure for reform. Others say competition law is entirely incapable of breaking digital monopolies, and radically new approaches are needed.