https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/xgze7z/how-the-criminal-justice-system-deploys-mass-surveillance-ons-innocent-people > Sarah Lageson is an Assistant Professor at the Rutgers University-Newark and the author of Digital Punishment: Privacy, Stigma, and the Harms of Data Driven Criminal Justice. Elizabeth Webster is an Assistant Professor at Loyola University Chicago. Juan Sandoval is a Doctoral Student at the University of California-Irvine. They are the authors of Digitizing and Disclosing Personal Data: The Proliferation of State Criminal Records on the Internet. > In the United States, an arrest is made every three seconds. Most of those arrests become a data point in the massive collection and dissemination of criminal history data onto the internet every year. Once released online, arrest and jail rosters, mugshots, and criminal court dockets are duplicated across websites and databases, helping to support the $200 billion dollar data broker industry and providing free content for dubious “reputation” websites and mugshot extortion schemes.