In a negotiation, how tough should your first offer be?
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/09/210929101857.htm
Whether you're buying a house, a car, or second-hand furniture, it's likely you will need to negotiate the price, so being able to negotiate effectively could save you significant cash.
Behavioural economist Professor Lionel Page from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) said opening offers in real-world negotiations are sometimes intended to signal the "toughness" of the buyer -- but whether this strategy actually works was not known.