https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/15/the-most-overlooked-path-to-commercialize-ai-is-for-companies-to-do-it-themselves/

The Bessemer Process patented in 1856 by Sir Henry Bessemer is one of the inventions most closely associated with catalyzing the second industrial revolution. By reducing the impurities of iron with an innovative oxidizing air blast, the process ushered in a new wave of inexpensive, high-volume steelmaking.

Bessemer decided to license his patent to a handful of steelmakers in an effort to quickly monetize his efforts. But contrary to expectations, technical challenges and monopolistic greed prevented large steelmakers from agreeing to favorable licensing terms.