http://www.newsweek.com/phones-battery-could-charge-minutes-thanks-new-materials-study-shows-1043677

The frustration of waiting hours for your smartphone battery to charge could soon be consigned to history thanks to scientists who have identified a new class of materials called niobium tungsten oxides. 

Batteries are comprised of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte. When a battery in plugged into an electrical source, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode and travel through a crystal structure to be stored in a negative electrode.