https://www.techradar.com/news/best-macro-lens

If you want to shoot ultra-close-up images, you need a macro lens. There are various ways to shoot extreme close-ups, including the use of hollow extension tubes, reversing rings or close-up ‘filters’ that screw into to the accessory attachment thread of regular lenses. However, the main advantage of any ‘system’ camera is that you can fit the right lens for the shooting scenario at hand. And when it comes to getting in close, there’s no beating a proper macro lens.

You’ll often see zoom lenses with the word ‘macro’ somewhere in their title, but they typically give a maximum magnification factor of merely 0.3x to 0.5x. By comparison, most (but not all) macro prime lenses deliver a full 1.0x or 1:1 magnification ratio. But what does that actually mean?