https://phys.org/news/2018-05-demasi-images-science-intense-scrutiny.html > There were 17 allegations about images in Demasi's thesis. The question before the panel was whether the images "had been duplicated and/or manipulated in a manner that deviated from the applicable standards at the relevant time". > All of the impugned images depicted the results of experiments to detect proteins or RNA molecules. The techniques to do this are known as "western blot" and "northern blot", respectively.