https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/snorkeling-mask-apparatus-might-help-covid-19-patients-avoid-intubation/

Last month Spanish authorities put out an urgent call for donations of snorkeling masks to build improvised devices to help COVID-19 patients breathe. Shortages of ventilators, which push air into failing lung, have inspired members of maker culture worldwide.

Innovation has continued as the shape of the pandemic has shifted. In addition to addressing the demand for standard ventilators, a mask-based approach provides a potentially more benign form of breathing assistance than invasive ventilation, which involves intubation: inserting a tube into the trachea.