http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/10/crispr-revolutionary-genetic-scissors-honored-chemistry-nobel

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to the two scientists who transformed an obscure bacterial immune mechanism, commonly called CRISPR, into a tool that can simply and cheaply edit the genomes of everything from wheat to mosquitoes to humans. 

The award went jointly to Emmanuelle Charpentier of Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens and Jennifer A. Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley, "for the development of a method for genome editing." They first showed that CRISPR--which stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats—could edit DNA in an in vitro system, in a paper published in the 28 June 2012 Science. Their discovery was rapidly expanded on by many others and soon made CRISPR a common tool in labs around the world. The work spawned industries working on making new medicines, agricultural products, and ways to control pests.